Leni Riefenstahls Triumph of the Will

Film/Cinema, in the context of movies and documentaries, is a modern visual art form that has had intense impact on our daily life for humanity has profoundly been affected by what it sees and hears via film or the motion picture experience. It utilizes the concept of simple story telling via a mesmerizing technical medium and its ability to influence is rooted in the utilization of images/impressions and imagery. Cinema has a social as well artistic function.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although the demand for imaginative entertainment is at an all time high, interest in the realities of the world is also on the rise. Documentaries address this interest because they are comprised of real people, world events, places, and social conditions – documenting history, reality. British film maker, John Grierson first coined the ter m in 1926. Prior to 1926, such films were referred to as â€Å"actuality† films and came on the scene at the turn of the 20th century as well. Like American director, D.W. Griffith’s film The Birth of a Nation/The Clansman (1915), German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will (1934) was considered masterful/innovative and ground-breaking for documentary filmmaking at that time. Triumph garnered her the accolade as one of the greatest female filmmakers of all time but most infamous. Chronicling the Nazi Party Congress held in Nuremberg (1934), Triumph of the Will (1935) catapulted the documentary as mode of propaganda designed to specifically argue a point and influence public opinion. â€Å"Documentary cinema is intimately tied to historical memory. Not only does it seek to reconstruct historical narrative, but it often functions as an historical document itself. Moreover, the connection between the rhetoric of documentary film and historical truth p ushes the documentary into overtly political alignments which influence its audience (1993Rabinowitw).† Triumph of the Will lionized Germany as a recurring superpower with Hitler at the helm as the authentic leader/savoir. This fundamental thematic message can be found in opening prologue – â€Å"20 years after the outbreak of the World War, 16 years after the beginning of German suffering, 19 months after the beginning of the German renaissance, Adolf Hitler flew again to Nuremberg to review the columns of his faithful followers (Triumph).† The opening scene further substantiates the message with an aerial view of Hitler’s plane flying through the majestic clouds and over various parts of Germany. He finally arrives in Nuremberg greeted by ecstatic supporters. The consequence of war is a people spiritually, mentally, and physically downtrodden and inept. Riefenstahl’s revolutionary use of cinematography (telephoto lenses, aerial photography, moving cameras, etc.) and music (German composer, Richard Wagner) epitomizes this escalating German Renaissance which has freed the German people from such a plight. It explains their fanaticism with Hitler.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Throughout the documentary German militaristic power, political religion, unity, and pride are highlighted. With these four elements as an integral force, one cannot ascertain a distinction between the German people, the state, and the Nazi Party. Riefenstahl vehemently denied the film served as a propaganda tool for the Nazi Party but rather was an historical film told through an aesthetic lens. Many critics purport differently. Just as Birth of a Nation reeked of racist negative/stereotypical portrayal of African- Americans and shaped the America’s public’s attitude/image about race, Triumph contributed to heightened negative perceptions of European Jewry and anti-Semitism. Hitler’s conquest for German purity emanates from his speeches as well those of his featured compatriots – Goring, Goebbels, etc. Could Riefenstahl have been that naà ¯ve and blind to Hitler’s maniacal plans that lay ahead? Objectivity has meaning but in reality it is greatly influenced by the filmmaker’s point of view via perceptions, emotions, etc. thereby determining the extent they can be biased or slant their point of view. Suffice to say, Triumph of the Will authenticated that film has the ability to influence as well as alter how people perceive themselves, aspects of their society/culture as well as other peoples and their culture. Work Cited Rabinowitz, Paula. â€Å"Wreckage upon Wreckage: History, Documentary and the Ruins of Memory.† History and Theory, Vol. 32, No. 2. (May, 1993), pp. 119-137.  Triumph of the Will (Video). Web. This essay on Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will was written and submitted by user Kyle Hart to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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buy custom Business Research for Decision Making essay Two terms come to mind in the description of the major approaches to management. The major or organizational research can be either qualitative or quantitative. There might be other terms used to describe small aspects of research such as positivistic, functionalistic, or optimistic. There could also be subjectivitistic, as well as, interpretivist used to describe the qualitative research methods. In fact, quantitative research might be seen as objective and this case does not relate to the knowledge or experience of a person and thus would be relating to the phenomenon or thoughts that are perceptible to mall of the observers in this case. This would rely heavily on the statistics and the knowledge, while on the other hand, the qualitative design subjective, which does relate to experience and knowledge and this may be conditioned by personal mental characteristics or states. This prefers to look at the language used having a partiality to the linguistics and the description in the making. There have been instances where the qualitative aspect has been used in the attempt to reduce distance between the context, as well as, the action and this is done through trading while using linguistic symbols. In other words, the approach would simply be termed as using the examinations of perceptions in order to gain the understanding needed of social and human activities. The distinctions stated here about the two approaches are essential in recognizing the ones necessary in the research design illustrated in the paper. Unfortunately, they do not portray different paradigms that underpin the various approaches and how these would go to affect the research process (Williams, 1998). On this basis, there has been interest in the dichotomy in the research process and this was taken to reveal the relationship between the research, as well as, the research process and the principle research paradigms. Defining the question Having said that when carrying out hypothesis testing on the Sekaran Research Process and MGT600 Roadmap there are certain aspects that needed attention. The assignments that have been completed as far are a systematic process whereby one designs and develops formal research (Solution Library, 2011). The requirements of the assignment in this case, required the use of knowledge and experience, as well as, skills acquired within the previous three weeks to apply it as a published research activity. This would be referred to as part of the necessary group activity According to the research method, the analysis itself as it were was a comparative assessment whereby, it would show how well the author or the authors have of the selected research have fulfilled all of the steps that were presented as shown in the textbook figure. The analysis in this way, focused on a certain research process rather than on the topic of research itself. Therefore, content was to fill I the blanks t give them something to work with when the topic of discussion was the method actually. In this way, paraphrasing the author of the text would not be the as already stated I the research text would not be key. The analysis should be geared toward the assessment of the adherence to the research process. Thus, this would be an in depth look at the method itself and asses pros and cons. The analysis would be quite objective and gear toward assessment result with the aim of better improving the method through the recommendations. However, this must be done by not only looking at one-step a sub steps at a time instead of looking at the whole picture. These steps are in such a manner, that they should be progressive leading to the other. The interrelationships that go on between the steps are also essential to the analysis. The specific published research selected for the group project in this case would contain the basic components of a basic formal research project. The data collected for the research design should also range from secondary sources. These include the internet, internationally recognized government documents, as well as, statistical and census data (Scribd.com, 1997). The Sekaran (2003) Research Process MGT600 Roadmap would be the subject of analysis. There are few periodical s on the project and even less published material, but there are figures and illustrations, as well as, reviews on the internet. Planning The main aim of planning the research design would be to decipher how to test the hypothesis (Ginorio, 2011). The IP2 and IP1 are not as different and might as well be classified, as one-step instead, will have to be reviewed though the steps of the research process itself. The main difference between the two aspects is that one contains five steps while the second has six steps while the later has the same steps, but the last. In this case, the reference point would be the The Sekaran (2003) Research Process MGT600 Roadmap figure according to the (American InterContinental University-Online, 2007). Collecting data The collection of the data would be done from the figure illustrated, as well as, use previous research whereby the research process has been used to cover as part of the research design. There are web pages available that contain reviews a well as methodologies on the research design that would be used for analysis. The data collection has to come from different sources I order to maintain a solid and objective side to the research topic. This would guard against biased results or processes that would go on to affect the results. Organizing the data The next step would be to organize or/ and to provide a summary of the work involved in this way. The data would include statistical results, as well as, the reviewed data that had undergone necessary analysis. This will go to a tabulated or convenient forma t where the rresults and findings could be deduced by anyone even if they had not taken part in the research itself. This could entail graphical representation of the data in graphic form so as to be clear to some observing the data. Statistical representation may also be in pie charts or line graphs. Thereby, the question would arise if the data used or represented were relevant to the research itself. In this way, one should bring the methodology into the results and the conclusion. If these are not directly related to the research problem, the methodology, results as well as, the conclusions of that study will probably be directly impacted by the problem at the source of the research. Usually, methodology is structured by the research questions. In other words, it is steps that are taken in order to derive the valuable answers needed (Levy and Ellis, 2008). Interpretation and drawing of conclusions This is the step that entails drawing back from the data itself and looking at it from a new perspective. This may reveal answers to problems such as if there were an alternative hypothesis that might explain the findings of the research. This also includes if one is receiving all of the data that is necessary. Even if it was a wild card or it leaned to an extreme, this does not matter if it is relevant to the research. The results should also show a comparison to what should happen that is the hypothesis itself. Here, the conclusion also gets into the picture. In order for the conclusion to take effect, one must consider the methodology. In general the methodology should be detailed and contain facts of when where and how. These methodologies would provide the research tools through which the interested party would use to produce the study results. This would include such things as the data and the evidence used to conclude on the research questions in this case. Therefore, how would the research affect the community? These big picture questions should be of priority in this case. Many things would go into the conclusion such as the appropriateness of the research goals for the study such as the comparison of IP1 and IP2. This includes the type of research conducted on the two methodologies, as well as, the research questions that needed to be answered. Communicating the results At this time, the audience should be the priority and emphasis would be provided as to their identity and their background. In this way, one would know how best to communicate with them. This could be done using a variety of methods ranging from written report, oral presentation, as well as, video and visual aids. Thus, what visual aid would best help the audience understand the research? At this point, the researcher would go back and make sure, if the data is all in there in terms of formatting. This means whether the introduction, description, results and the conclusion are addressed in the communication. Buy custom Business Research for Decision Making essay

FIVE A DAY CAMPAIGN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

FIVE A DAY CAMPAIGN - Essay Example 174). Improper nutrition owing to bad eating habits also leads to health problems and illness (Kum 2.1). Moreover, lack of exercises and untimely eating habits can also contribute serious illness and health problems. It has been proved by scientific studies that lack of exercise is the root cause for all chronic diseases (Radley 1993, p.125). Apart from the individual attention to health and illness, government in all countries also does take care of the health of its populace. A large amount of money is allocated every year for health care and preservation by government in all countries as a primary commitment. In the United Kingdom, a series of reforms have been introduced in the middle of 1980s that emphasized the importance of management in the National Health Service (NHS) and reiterated the power of professional managers and prior studies have found that health care system in the country is relatively strong (Jost 2003p.220). The Department of Health and NHS have a challenging role creating and preserving a balanced health care system in the country. They have been successful in their efforts to improve the health of the population by innovative methods and reforms in the health care system. One of such initiative is the introduction of five a day (5-A- Day) campaign in the country to support and encourage the populace to have a healthy life and enjoyment. The program initiates the people to take at least 5 portions of vegetables or fruits a day per person to maintain health and lead a happy life. At this juncture, a research study is undertaken to explore the role of the campaign in the health care system of the country. Basically, the study aims at describing the system and its popularity among the people in the country. The study also undertakes to throw lights on the impact of the campaign to reduce diseases such as cancer and stroke. The researcher takes a survey approach for exploring these aspects by approaching focused group who are involved in th e campaign in one way or the other. Objectives of the Study The main objective of the study to the role of five a day campaign in the health care system in the United Kingdom and study the impact of the system on the health of its populace. Specifically, the study aims at the following objectives: 1. To describe the role of Five A Day Campaign in the health care system in the UK 2. To understand the popularity of the system 3. To explore how effective the system is to achieve reduction in diseases 4. To help in further research in the area Research Methodology Every research study has a unique way of exploring a solution to its problem. This distinct steps or way of doing a particular research is known as research methodology. Research methodology for a study is unique and takes a fresh approach. However, the approach and methodology of past studies done in the similar field may be taken as a basis. The present study is qualitative in nature as it deals with only non-economic/financial data for the purpose of analysis and interpretation. This study is basically a survey research, which collects both primary and secondary data. However, primary data constitute the main source of data by which majority of the analysis has been done. The data collected are edited and coded to ensure

English Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

English - Research Paper Example Opposite gender becomes a source of distraction for the pupils in high schools, therefore, single sex schools provide more focused environment to the students by removing their object of distraction. Education is a process which entails transference of knowledge and practices, development of skills and learning of new concepts through innovative and strategic skills of the educator (Burner, p.9). Thus, beneficial teaching entails successful transference of knowledge with the development of quality person along with prominent accomplishments of the learners. The teaching strategies applied and environment impacts adversely or optimistically on the learner, which means either it supports the learning style of the child or it hinders that process. Hence, this process essentially takes place in a specific environment developed by the educator. Therefore, the choice of educator in developing such an environment for the learners impacts hugely on them. Parents and teachers chose and set en vironment for their children, which supports their learning style. ... Therefore, it promoted their participation and rights for higher education, which consequently resulted in admittance of girls in the same schools. The co-education was new and it was considered most beneficial for both girls and boys to learn and prosper; academically. Thus, co-education system is largely prevalent and active in the most parts of the world for teaching both girls and boys. Only in US majority of the schools only offer co-education school system and only a smaller percentage of schools offer single sex school system. In the recent years USA has faced serious decline over quality public education and lower high school graduate rate due to increased drop outs. Thus, government of America emphasized on developing a new policy or strategy, which would fully support the learning of its youth for its technological and educational development. According to study, American graduation rank has declined to 18th position among the developed countries, which is extremely low tha n before (Foster, p.2). Therefore, educators and policy makers have been considering single sex option for all public schools due to its impact on the academics of individuals. The notion which never came under research before was how male and female students impact on each other in an educational setting. In 2008, US Department of Education proclaimed that single sex schools benefit girls to pursue their carrier in mathematics or science as they minimize distractions, which consequently results in improved attention span and achievement record. However, in 2001 a law was passed against single sex schools, which clearly stated that if the single sex schools are equally available for both genders then such an education system can be approved

To What Extent Do You Think Was a Revolutionary Sculptor Essay Example for Free

To What Extent Do You Think Was a Revolutionary Sculptor Essay Kritios was an Athenian sculptor, whose style and technique during the late archaic period helped revolutionize the archaic period into the Classical period. He has two main statutes that I am going to examine the first of which being the Kritios boy. Also referred to as â€Å"the first beautiful nude art† it is very important as it is a precursor to the later classical sculptures. It depicts a young boy in an idea form (so sculpted in the nude if they where in the ideal form) and is possibly a reflection of the Athenian cultural obsession with Pederasty. Yet it is more important in the sense that it smashes the Korous pose. The Kritios boy is so important as Kritios has mastered a complete understanding of how the different parts of the body act together, the statue supports the weight on the left leg meaning that the right one is bent at the knee and relaxed, and forces a chain of events as the pelvis is pushed diagonally upwards on the left side this causes the right buttock to relax and the spine to be placed in an â€Å"S† shaped curve causing the shoulder line to dip left to counteract the action of the pelvis. his stance is referred to as contrapposto, and the Kritios boy is one of the earliest examples of it mastered. (One of the greatest examples of contrapposto in history was during the neoclassical period ‘David† by Michelangelo, 1504) but this could not have been achieved without Kritios. The kritios boy also shows a number of other innovations that distinguish it from any of the Archaic Kouroi or anythi ng from the Archaic period. The muscular and skeletal structure are depicted with an unforced life-like accuracy as well as having the rib cage naturally expanded. Almost as if he is breathing in. the statue’s hips are relaxed and another reason why it is revolutionary in the break though into the classical period is the â€Å"smile† of the archaic statues, has been changed to accurate lips and the face is completely emotionless. The second Kritios statue I am going to look at was not just made by him, He and Nesiotes combined their sculptures of Aristogeiton and Harmodius to make ‘The Tyrannicides’ (477-476BC). These statues were a replica of the climax of the story about the two men who killed the Tyrant Of Athens. The Tyrannicides story is told through their stances and the objects they were holding. Aristogeiton (Eromenos); the statue sculpted by Kritios was the older man and the one with all the experience and wisdom who has a beard. He managed to show this by the way Aristogeiton was standing with one leg in front of the other at a defence angle. His arm flat out holding a knife to show his weapon. That he used to stab Hippias to death, some drapery over his arm is shown, and it appears to be being used as some kind of defense, this illustrates that he is experienced. Once again Kritos has used details and the realism to help push sculptor and realism forward with Aristogeiton’s muscles, stance, facial features. As well as beard that course stands out (again illustrating how he is wise). Both statues have frontal emphasis with both having a leg in front and their attacking arms pointing out to the front. The use of frontal emphasis almost puts you in Hipparchus’ shoes because it is what he would have seen when he was getting attacked. Making this a very threatening and violent image. Aristogeiton’s partner Harmodius was sculpted by Nesiotes who followed Kritios’ example and decided to base Hamodius on the opposite of Aristogeiton and make him extremely inexperienced and reckless. Because of his youth, he lacked the experience that Aristogeiton had, therefore his pose was very reckless and he is open to be attacked as his arm in the air exposing the rest of his body,. These men were seen as heroes for the way they killed the King who was more of a tyrant, which opened up Athenian democracy. And they have been immortalized and shown as very strong powerful figures. Again the statues are both very realistic in the way all the joints and body work together (the fact more weight is on one left leg this causes the pelvises to rise ect) In conclusion I feel that Kritios was a revolutionary sculptor as he mastered how a human figure standing with most of it’s weight on one foot causes a compelete change throughout the body as the human form does causing his statues to look allot more realist. This caused a massive step forward in the art and ability to create lifelike sculptures that completely makes the stiff kouroi of the archaic period completely obsolete.

Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales :: essays research papers

The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, which was published in March 1981 by Bantam Books in New York, New York is a funny piece of work about twenty- nine characters and their stories while on their way to Canterbury. The twenty-nine characters have to tell two stories on their trip to Canterbury. In the Wife of Bath tale, the wife of bath tells of a tale of a young knight, the central character in the story. After he raped a woman, he must roam the countryside in search to the answer to the question â€Å"what is it that women most desire?† This is the plot, for he must find the answer in order to live. The knight only has one year to get to answer this question and then he has to return to King Arthur’s court and await his sentence. The setting is in King Arthur’s court when a young man saw a pretty maiden and raped her. The King was going to sentence him to death but the Queen decided to give him one year to answer the question . The story is told from the Wife of Bath’s point of view for she is narrating the story. So the conflict, being that he has to find the answer, is established. The knight’s journey does not go well. Finally on the last day that he has, he comes up to a group of women, as he approaches they disappear and an old woman appears. This part is the climax of the plot because it is when the knight finally knows the answer. The old woman says that she knows the answer but she will only tell it to the Queen and in return she must do anything that she asks of him. The knight agrees. Finally, while in the presence of the Queen, she tells her that the answer to what all women desire is sovereignty over their husbands. No one disagrees with her answer and so the old woman asks that she be married to the knight. The knight having sworn to do whatever she pleased reluctantly agrees. But this is not the resolution. It happens later on while on their wedding night. The knight is somewhat disgusted and so the old woman goes on to lecture him on the trivial nature of appearances. She tells the knight whether he would prefer to have a woman ugly by day, yet loyal and faithful the rest of the time or to be beautiful and take his chances the rest of the time.

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Insights into Indian English Fiction and Drama Edited by Capt. Dr. Arvind M. Nawale Access -An Academic Consortium Publication ISBN No. 978-81-921254-3-5 Aspects of Campus Novel in Makarand Paranjape’s The Narrator: A Novel Shridevi P. G. The Narrator: A Novel is the well-known critic Makarand Paranjape’s debut novel, published in 1995. It is a mishmash of several stories woven together and presented to us from view-points of several writer-narrators or character- narrators.This novel has attracted considerable interest in the academicians because of the unique narratology of the novel which is different from the rest of the Indian novels written in English. The novel is experimental, and breaks away from the conventional methods of story-telling used in Indian English Fiction. Throughout the narrative, the readers notice that there is little attempt to create an illusion of realism or naturalism. 1 With the use of multivoiced and polyphonic narration, as in the great e pics Ramayana and Mahabharata, the writer tries to relocate himself with the ancient Indian tradition of the narratology. The story of the novel can be divided into three main threads: The first is the story of Rahul Patwardhan, lecturer in English at Asafia University, Hyderabad who is suffering from creative schizophrenia since his childhood and, in the process has a libidinal alter ego, Baddy. The second is the story of Badrinath Dhanda, who comes out of Rahul through emanation. The final thread is that of the movie script, Manpasand. Campus novel is a kind of novel which originated in the West but is emerging as a very prominent sub-genre in Indian English Fiction.As David Lodge, a well-known practitioner of this sub-genre opines, Campus Novel is mainly concerned with the lives of University professors and junior teachers. 3 The present paper attempts to explore the aspects of campus novel in this novel. The novel centers around Rahul Patwardhan who is a lecturer in English at t he Asafia University, Hyderabad. His reputation as a lecturer is displayed when he meets his Head of the Department in the novel. The Head of the Department does not doubt him when he lies; asking for leave for four days on the pretext of illness and reading accepts it.This is because, this type of aberration was a recent development in Rahul’s character, and is therefore unknown to the Head of Department. The author presents the characteristics of a good lecturer through Rahul Patwardhan’s character. He is responsible about his duties as a lecturer: †¦. tomorrow was Monday. I had to teach. It was the beginning of a new week. I couldn’t afford to have a very late night today. But meeting him tomorrow would screw up Tuesday’s schedule. [TNAN 67] His anxiety to complete the syllabus is also depicted in the novel.He abstains from listening to the gory details of incest when Badrinath is narrating his story. When Badri goes on describing how the ugly wom en are better partners then the beautiful ones, Rahul is unable to contribute his view as he is a loyal husband to Neha and thus had slept only with her. It is the curiosity generated in him by his literary sensibility or on humanitarian inclination that he expresses his wish of meeting prostitutes. He thinks, What were these women like? What did they feel? What was the meaning of their lives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I was interested in getting to see them at close quarters.I told myself I didn’t want the sex, but only the experience of meeting a prostitute, of talking to her, getting to know her. [ TNAN 168] Rahul immediately revolts at Badri’s mention of co-habition with college girls. â€Å"For heaven’s sake, Badri, I teach them myself†. â€Å"You never know†, he continued, â€Å"you may even meet one of your students! † â€Å"Please, Badri, stop it†. [TNAN 168] This conversation indicates Rahul’s strong professional ethics. He h as also followed certain principles in life which are unfortunately jettisoned after his acquaintance with Badri.He leaves a lot of food on his table, much against his principle of not wasting food He starts lying and finds people believing it easily He consumes beer He cohabits with a prostitute. This shows that he had been morally corrupted to a certain extent. This task of corrupting Rahul had been attempted several times by Baddy but all of them had been found fruitless. But years later Badri proves successful in this. The Novel sketches Rahul’s academic progress and his strict regimen for his Ph. D. , degree quite conspicuously. He would religiously enter the library every morning and work till the evening, often skipping his lunch.Sometimes, I wondered if I would ever get out of the library alive. I mean, I was losing all sense of time. I thought to myself that one day they would find my bones in the musty corridors, resting somewhere among the shelves full of books. [T NAN 75] He describes his guide as a ‘cool guy’ whose motto was â€Å"Do what you like, but show me the final draft within five years†. [TNAN 75] The under note of sarcasm does not go unnoticed in this line which highlights the negligence or failure of some guides to train their research scholars. The procedure of Ph. D. degree is also briefly explained.He says, â€Å"My five years in Hyderabad passed. I submitted my thesis in October 1986; the viva was held next year in April†. [TNAN 75] The whole description of this kind reminds one of Saros Cowasjee’s novel Goodbye to Elsa where similar kind of description of the research methodology is found. Rahul also writes an introductory guide to fiction entitled â€Å"Indian English Fiction – Theory and Practice† the first 500 copies of which are sold out in six months and it then goes into second edition. The relation between colleagues also forms an important aspect of the campus.Here this i s displayed through Rahul’s relationship with Raghavan. Their addressing each other with abusive words indicates their intimacy. Both were doing doctoral research. Though Rahul is younger of the two, he had got the job before Raghavan and thus was technically senior to him and which made Raghavan grumble. â€Å"We were, in a sense, rivals, but had never stopped being friends†. [TNAN 148] One interesting point found here is the absence of professional jealousy which is very common among colleagues and which is found in most of the campus novels like M.K. Naik’s Corridors of Knowledge, Ranga Rao’s The Drunk Tantra, Rita Joshi’s The Awakening –A Novella in Rhyme. Students are the inevitable and the most significant aspect of campus novels. Even in this novel, the behavior and misadventures of students are pictured in an amiable way. Rahul presents two sets of students – his classmates when he was studying and his students, after he becom es a lecturer. Rahul joins Tambaram College, which had a history of 150 years but had become a semiwild campus with the kind of behavior of the students.Music and drugs were the two things which dominated the college. â€Å"Bunking classes, acting wild, breaking rules, and doing the unconventional thing were considered hip. There was nothing worse than being a good boy; it was the most despicable way to live†. [ TNAN 55-56] The students think of themselves as the lost generation, India’s equivalent of the hippies. The senior students spent most of their time smoking and listening to music. The mention of a ‘drunken brawl’ among students is made in such a way that it is not very uncommon in colleges. In one such quarrel a student was stabbed.An instance of suicide committed by a student is also pictured. He had consumed downers and jumped off the top floor of the International Students’ Hostel because he had stolen a large sum of money from one of hi s friends and had blown it all on drugs. With these instances the novelist seems to be indicating the lack of discipline and control among the students. The novelist then describes the drinking bouts of the students and the way they acquired booze. The first of the two ways of getting booze was through someone in the Air Force Station which was quite near the college.When this became much difficult by the Commanding Officer’s instructions, the students were left with the second and the more strenuous way. The students would travel five long hours to Pondicherry and would lounge about the beaches the whole day, drinking and chattering continuously on all sorts of topics. They would then take the night bus back with one or two bottles of rum with them. They would try to trick the cops by using a very cheap bag and keeping it away from themselves. So that even in a surprise check they wouldn’t get caught.And if by chance they get caught redhanded, they would simply give i t away to the cop so that he would let them go. The students did not even hesitate to start ‘visiting’- a word used by the author for visiting a prostitute. And they were available right outside the college gates after dark. About affairs, the writer says that only rich guys could afford them by giving expensive gifts to the ‘chicks’ from the women’s college. Love affairs are an indispensable aspect of the campus and so forms one of the aspects of campus novel. But most of the campus novels exhibit a very frank treatment of sex. few examples are- Saros Cowasjee’s Goodbye to Elsa, K. M. Trishanku’s Onion Peel, Rani Dharker’s The Virgin Syndrome, etc. The Narrator also depicts sex quite freely. The novel abounds in extramarital relationships, child abuse, incest, sodomy, mental adultery, voluptuousness and pure love. Rahul’s students are brought in only in one scene but this one episode reveals a lot about the students of th e present generation. When Rahul enters 15 minutes late to the class, giving the reason that he had a late night, some students titter taking his words as an indication of a private encounter.Many students had left for coffee not to return to the class. Their lack of patience and audacity is expressed in the words-â€Å"Oh Sir, they went of for coffee when you didn’t show up until ten-fifteen†. [TNAN 96] and today’s teachers also seem to accept this kind of behavior. The novel can also be considered Crit-Fiction. â€Å"Crit-Fiction† is a kind of novel which is written by a lecturer or a professor. In the recent years many professors have started writing novels. A few examples of such Indian writers are Manju Kapoor, M. K. Naik, Amitav Ghosh, Anita Desai, Meena Alexander and others.As Elaine Showalter puts it, the novelist before writing his novel should create or imagine a world which has some kind of logical relation to the real world, within which he ca n explore the themes that interest him through the narrative. The university or college provides such a world ready-made – a small world which is a kind of microcosm of the larger world. An author’s writing will be realistic if it is inspired by his experience. The author Makarand Paranjape has been able to write about the campus so lucidly because he was a professor and has the first-hand information about the aspects of campus.It is quite interesting that in the novel The Narrator, the protagonist, Rahul Patwardhan is also a lecturer and he too is a writer. Finally one cannot afford to overlook the very unique and exalting theme of the novel which is the difficulty of writing a work of art. Rahul had such an extensive knowledge about the narratology or the art of the narrative, that he had become an inhibiting influence on Baddy, the other half of his split personality, as he shot down Baddy’s attempts of writing narratives. I knew too bloody much about the th eory to let even my imagination do the actual writing. TNAN 75] He discusses his difficulty with Dr. Jenny O’Sullivan, a visiting British Council scholar, who had come to visit Hyderabad, researching on a book to be set in India. I am too critical; I cannot get to put pen to paper without scratching out what I’ve written. [TNAN 258] By O’Sullivan’s suggestion, he finds out the solution: Every attempt at creation is founded upon a similar act of deconstruction. Writing, thus, is a cruel activity. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Before one writes one had to give birth to a writing self.This is the self which will then invent characters, situations, and themes. [ TNAN 269] The novel The Narrator: A Novel has many aspects of campus novel in it like the kind of life lead by a lecturer, his loyalty and involvement in his academic pursuits, his struggle to produce substantial literary works, his relations with his colleagues and students; the behavior of the students, their misad ventures; the lavish lifestyles of students who are not disciplined either by the parents or the authorities in the college, their love affairs etc. re delineated in a very conducive way. The protagonist’s views both as a student and then as a lecturer are involved in the novel. Makarand Paranjape has been able to throw sufficient light on all these aspects of campus life as he has been a professor and very well-acquainted with the campus. So with the points discussed so far, The Narrator: A Novel can be considered a campus novel. Works Cited 1.Rahul Chaturvedi, â€Å"Self as Narrative in The Narrator: A Novel: A Narratological Perspective†, The Criterion: An International Journal in English, ISSN 0976-8165 Vol. II. -Issue 1, 2011. 2. http://www. makarand. com/reviews/ReviewsofTheNarrator. html. 3. http://is. muni. cz/th/66512/ff_b/Bakalarska_prace_24. 4. 2006. doc 4. Makarand Paranjape, The Narrator: A Novel, (New Delhi: Rupa & Co. 1995), Hereafter cited as TNAN with page nos. in parentheses. 5. Showalter, Elaine- Faculty Towers: The Academic Novel and its Discontents; Oxford University Press, 2005.